吉川の一般設計学序説を読む - 菊池誠 [PDF]
吉川の一般設計学序説における論述の問題点を詳述しているのだが，同時に一般設計学の簡潔かつ十分な解説にもなっている．一般設計学そのものに対する批判では無い（と読んだ）．
The Case of the Disappearing Ox: Seeing Through Digital Images to an Analysis of Ancient Texts
ABSTRACT There are numerous settings where people examine, scrutinize and discuss the details of images in the course of their work. In most medical domains, scans and x-rays are used in the diagnosis of cases; in most areas of science, methods of visualization have been adopted to assist in the analysis of data; and images of different kinds are critical for many research fields in the social sciences and humanities. It is not surprising that recently technologies have been proposed to assist with the analysis and examination of images. In this paper, we consider requirements for technologies in a rather distinctive domain of research, the classics. Drawing upon an analysis of the detailed ways in which classicists work with digital images, we discuss the requirements for systems to support researchers in this domain, and also provide further considerations on the general development of image processing technologies and visualization techniques.
Positive words carry less information than negative words
会話において，肯定的な感情語はシャノンの意味での情報量が少なく（否定的な感情語よりも多く出現する），かつ心理的な意味での情報量も少ない（否定的な感情語のほうがより多くの心理的情報を伝える）．
Abstract We show that the frequency of word use is not only determined by the word length [1] and the average information content [2], but also by its emotional content. We have analysed three established lexica of affective word usage in English, German, and Spanish, to verify that these lexica have a neutral, unbiased, emotional content. Taking into account the frequency of word usage, we find that words with a positive emotional content are more frequently used. This lends support to Pollyanna hypothesis [3] that there should be a positive bias in human expression. We also find that negative words contain more information than positive words, as the informativeness of a word increases uniformly with its valence decrease. Our findings support earlier conjectures about (i) the relation between word frequency and information content, and (ii) the impact of positive emotions on communication and social links.
Knowing Where and When to Look in a Time-Critical Multimodal Dual Task [PDF]
人間がどれだけうまくマルチタスク処理を出来るか．
ABSTRACT Human-computer systems intended for time-critical multitasking need to be designed with an understanding of how humans can coordinate and interleave perceptual, memory, and motor processes. This paper presents human performance data for a highly-practiced time-critical dual task. In the first of the two interleaved tasks, participants tracked a target with a joystick. In the second, participants keyed-in responses to objects moving across a radar display. Task manipulations include the peripheral visibility of the secondary display (visible or not) and the presence or absence of auditory cues to assist with the radar task. Eye movement analyses reveal extensive coordination and overlapping of human information processes and the extent to which task manipulations helped or hindered dual task performance. For example, auditory cues helped only a little when the secondary display was peripherally visible, but they helped a lot when it was not peripherally visible.
恋愛における告白の成否の規定因に関する研究
要約すると，告白は知りあって3ヶ月以内がそれ以降よりもうまくいく，初デート前よりも後のほうがうまくいく，当たって砕けろは本当に砕け散る．
恋愛関係における別れに関する研究(2) : 別れ後の感情と行動に及ぼす告白の立場と別れの主導権の影響
恋愛における別れ後の好意と後悔に関して，告白の立場と別れの主導権との関係を調べた論文である．方法は「恋愛における別れに関するアンケート」調査によっており，対象は香川県内の大学生344名である．結果として，交際期間が短い（3ヶ月未満）場合，相手だけが恋愛関係に夢中である場合，相手のほうだけが自分に尽くしていた場合，自分から別れを切り出した場合に，別れ後，相手のことを嫌っている人が多かったと報告されている．
【要約】本研究は，青年期の男女が別れに際してもつネガティブな感情や行動的反応が告白の立場と別れの主導権により異なるかを調べた．被調査者は大学生344名(男性135名，女性209名)であった．そのうち，異性とつきあった後に，別れた経験のある223名を分析の対象とした．調査の結果，約40%の対象者が別れた後も相手に対して好意を持っていた．交際期間が短い場合，自分から別れを切り出した場合，相手だけが恋愛関係に夢中で，尽していた場合に別れ後に相手を嫌いであった．別れ後の感情・行動については，自分から告白して自分から別れを切り出した人は泣くことが少なかった．また，自分から告白して相手からふられた人は再び相手を好きになることが少なかった．さらに，別れた後も積極的に相手と会うという人は少なかったが，相手から告白されて自分からふった場合に特に少なかった．全般的に，別れ後の感情や行動に及ぼす告白の立場の影響は小さく，別れの主導権の影響が大きかった．
恋愛関係における別れに関する研究(1): 別れの主導権と別れの季節の探求 [PDF]
A study of the breakups in heterosexual romantic relationships (1): A research for the control of the breakups and the season of the breakups.
男性135名，女性209名，平均年齢19.1歳の男女を対象に行なった「別れ」に関するアンケート調査の結果報告である．主だった主張は以下のとおり．
- 別れの主導権：女性
- 最も多い別れた月（女性）：3月，10月
- 最も多い別れた月（男性）：3月，2月・5月・8~10月
- 最も多い別れ話をした時刻：22時，21時，23時
本論文を紹介しているページがある．
Abstract This study was designed to research on the breakups in heterosexual romantic relationships. This study targeted the Japanese young people who have experienced the breakups. Three hundreds and forty-four undergraduate students took part in a survey by completing a questionnaire. The results were as follows: (1) Many young couples break up their romantic relationships in March. In those cases, Males tend to say good-bye to females. (2) Many young couples have the last meeting about their breakup from 9:00p.m. to 11:00p.m. (3) Young couples break up their romantic relationships mainly because of their gaps in values. However males tend to break up their relationships because they have other lovers, and female tend to break up because they come to dislike their lovers.
A computer system allows a machine to recognize a person's emotional state
音声から感情を認識するために “To automatically detect these feelings, information regarding the tone of voice, the speed of speech, the duration of pauses, the energy of the voice signal and so on, up to a total of sixty different acoustic parameters, was used” とある．
ABSTRACT Scientists at the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M) and the Universidad de Granada (UGR) have developed a new computer system that allows a machine to automatically recognize the emotional state of a person who is orally communicating with it.
Affectiva raises $5.7M to sense and measure emotion
【ニュース】マサチューセッツ州に拠点を置くMIT発ベンチャー企業Affectivaは570万USD（1億2千万円）の調達に成功した．本資金は人間の感情を計測する技術の研究にあてられる．
Affectiva, a Massachusetts start-up spun out of the MIT Media Lab, has nabbed $5.7 million in Series B funding to help it pursue technology which helps recognize and measure human emotions. The new financing was led by Kantar, the consumer insights group for marketing firm WPP and Myrian Capital.
Effect of background noise on food perception
バックグラウンドノイズが味覚に与える影響．実験を通して，食事と関係のないノイズは味覚を鈍らせると結論．
ABSTRACT We investigated the effects of auditory background noise on the perception of gustatory food properties (sugar level, salt level), food crunchiness and food liking. Participants blindly consumed different foods whilst passively listening to either no sound, or quiet or loud background white noise. The foods were then rated in terms of sweetness, saltiness and liking (Experiment 1) or in terms of overall flavour, crunchiness and liking (Experiment 2). Reported sweetness and saltiness was significantly lower in the loud compared to the quiet sound conditions (Experiment 1), but crunchiness was reported to be more intense (Experiment 2). This suggests that food properties unrelated to sound (sweetness, saltiness) and those conveyed via auditory channels (crunchiness) are differentially affected by background noise. A relationship between ratings of the liking of background noise and ratings of the liking of the food was also found (Experiment 2). We conclude that background sound unrelated to food diminishes gustatory food properties (saltiness, sweetness) which is suggestive of a cross-modal contrasting or attentional effect, whilst enhancing food crunchiness.
